ABSTRACT OF THE BOOK - GREEN & ECO-FRIENDLY EXPLOSIVES

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The use of explosives is one of the most preferred means to excavate and mine resources. The most common explosives used for mining are nitrate-based. These nitrate-based explosives have their advantages and disadvantages. One of the disadvantages is emissions of pollutants like nitrogen oxides. Another disadvantage is its limitations in fiery blast holes. So the inherent desires of the mining industry are for the availability of a suitable explosive that will be free from these disadvantages. This book has addressed these subjects. Green and eco-friendly explosives are an answer to the problems on pollution and operational aspects. This booklet is on concepts and findings on some of the parameters of Green and Eco Friendly explosives. The book will be a quick read, and it will provide mining professionals and friends of the earth with the most desired products, namely the GREENEX, and ECOFREX.

INDEX

1.       GREENEX & ECOFREX

2.       GREENEX & ECOFREX IN FIERY BLAST HOLES

3.       THERMODYNAMICS OF GREENEX & ECOFREX

4.       APPLICATIONWORTHINESS OF PREDICTIVE MODELS

5.       HEAT ENERGY & GAS ENERGY BALANCE

6.       TESTING OF EXPLOSIVES

7.       CONCLUSION

8.       SURVEY OF LITERATURES

 

GREENEX & ECOFREX

GREENEX and ECOFREX are contraction to products Green explosives and Eco-friendly explosives.

An explosive is a chemical or mixture of chemicals that get initiated by heat or other external stimuli. It undergoes a simultaneous reduction-oxidation reaction and generates a large volume of gases and heat in a fraction of a second.

Words that need emphasis are initiation (microampere), heat (2300 °C and above), impact (1.5 m), redox reaction (exchange of oxygen between chemicals), gases (volume expansion by ~ 300%), and time (milliseconds).

So, the mixture of chemicals on the fuel side should burn quickly enough to generate heat and facilitate the generated gases from the oxidizers. Chemical fuels, replaced with agri-fuels, and nitrate oxidizers replaced with nitrate-free oxidizers can make it green or eco-friendly.

 

GREEN IS RELATIVE

Every beginning has got an end that is what we term as eternal truth. Green is eco-friendly. So what happens when green meets its end. Does it remain green? Are green and non-green times specific? Is green now is non-green sometime hence. We should discuss this.

Trees during their lifetime absorb carbon dioxide and release oxygen. When cut and burned, leaves and logs of wood absorb oxygen and release carbon dioxide. So wood is non-green?

Milk contains bacteria that have life. These bacteria die on boiling the milk.  Does the presence of bacteria make milk a nonvegetarian food? Is boiling milk to kill bacteria means an act of violence? There are facts like these in our daily lives.

So in a manner, there is no strict line that precisely differentiates between (a) green and non-green, (b) vegan and non-vegans, and (c) violence and non-violence. The magnitude of the presence, absence, and activity makes the differences.

If vegan properties outweigh nonvegetarian properties, then it is vegetarian. If the release of oxides of carbon and nitrogen is insignificant, then it is green. The use of ethanol for propulsion is thus green vehicles compared to the ones propelled by petrol and diesel. In this context, we may discuss high-energy materials.

Redox reactions give rise to burning, deflagration, detonation, and explosion. It is a process of reduction and oxidation of oxidizers and fuels, respectively.

Balancing by design to achieve burning, explosion and detonation is the genesis of explosives for rock blasting, earthmoving, large-scale water transfers, clearances of old structures, and launching of space vehicles.

Burning is bound to release gases and particulates. Gases could be in the forms of oxides of C, N, and S. The lesser is the emissions of these oxides, the better is the march towards green and green explosives.

The most generally accepted green explosives are those which emit lesser percentages of these oxides or gases. Thus, some of the most known green explosives are nickel hydrazine nitrate, azo triazole chemicals. So are the fewer carbon and sulfur-containing improvised explosives.

All green explosives or lesser polluting explosives are High Energy Density Materials (HEDMs) with higher stability and more energy. Green and eco-friendly explosives are formulated by joining random but relevant dots in sequence. Some of these random dots are:


THE BOOK IS AVAILABLE ON THE AMAZON SITE, and THE LINK IS: 

https://www.amazon.in/dp/B098MPF7G7/ref=cm_sw_r_wa_apa_glt_MJ6V20TR0ZVV2KA7GB8V

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