ABSTRACT OF THE BOOK - GREEN & ECO-FRIENDLY EXPLOSIVES

By -










The use of explosives is one of the most preferred means to excavate and mine resources. The most common explosives used for mining are nitrate-based. These nitrate-based explosives have their advantages and disadvantages. One of the disadvantages is emissions of pollutants like nitrogen oxides. Another disadvantage is its limitations in fiery blast holes. So the inherent desires of the mining industry are for the availability of a suitable explosive that will be free from these disadvantages. This book has addressed these subjects. Green and eco-friendly explosives are an answer to the problems on pollution and operational aspects. This booklet is on concepts and findings on some of the parameters of Green and Eco Friendly explosives. The book will be a quick read, and it will provide mining professionals and friends of the earth with the most desired products, namely the GREENEX, and ECOFREX.

INDEX

1.       GREENEX & ECOFREX

2.       GREENEX & ECOFREX IN FIERY BLAST HOLES

3.       THERMODYNAMICS OF GREENEX & ECOFREX

4.       APPLICATIONWORTHINESS OF PREDICTIVE MODELS

5.       HEAT ENERGY & GAS ENERGY BALANCE

6.       TESTING OF EXPLOSIVES

7.       CONCLUSION

8.       SURVEY OF LITERATURES

 

GREENEX & ECOFREX

GREENEX and ECOFREX are contraction to products Green explosives and Eco-friendly explosives.

An explosive is a chemical or mixture of chemicals that get initiated by heat or other external stimuli. It undergoes a simultaneous reduction-oxidation reaction and generates a large volume of gases and heat in a fraction of a second.

Words that need emphasis are initiation (microampere), heat (2300 °C and above), impact (1.5 m), redox reaction (exchange of oxygen between chemicals), gases (volume expansion by ~ 300%), and time (milliseconds).

So, the mixture of chemicals on the fuel side should burn quickly enough to generate heat and facilitate the generated gases from the oxidizers. Chemical fuels, replaced with agri-fuels, and nitrate oxidizers replaced with nitrate-free oxidizers can make it green or eco-friendly.

 

GREEN IS RELATIVE

Every beginning has got an end that is what we term as eternal truth. Green is eco-friendly. So what happens when green meets its end. Does it remain green? Are green and non-green times specific? Is green now is non-green sometime hence. We should discuss this.

Trees during their lifetime absorb carbon dioxide and release oxygen. When cut and burned, leaves and logs of wood absorb oxygen and release carbon dioxide. So wood is non-green?

Milk contains bacteria that have life. These bacteria die on boiling the milk.  Does the presence of bacteria make milk a nonvegetarian food? Is boiling milk to kill bacteria means an act of violence? There are facts like these in our daily lives.

So in a manner, there is no strict line that precisely differentiates between (a) green and non-green, (b) vegan and non-vegans, and (c) violence and non-violence. The magnitude of the presence, absence, and activity makes the differences.

If vegan properties outweigh nonvegetarian properties, then it is vegetarian. If the release of oxides of carbon and nitrogen is insignificant, then it is green. The use of ethanol for propulsion is thus green vehicles compared to the ones propelled by petrol and diesel. In this context, we may discuss high-energy materials.

Redox reactions give rise to burning, deflagration, detonation, and explosion. It is a process of reduction and oxidation of oxidizers and fuels, respectively.

Balancing by design to achieve burning, explosion and detonation is the genesis of explosives for rock blasting, earthmoving, large-scale water transfers, clearances of old structures, and launching of space vehicles.

Burning is bound to release gases and particulates. Gases could be in the forms of oxides of C, N, and S. The lesser is the emissions of these oxides, the better is the march towards green and green explosives.

The most generally accepted green explosives are those which emit lesser percentages of these oxides or gases. Thus, some of the most known green explosives are nickel hydrazine nitrate, azo triazole chemicals. So are the fewer carbon and sulfur-containing improvised explosives.

All green explosives or lesser polluting explosives are High Energy Density Materials (HEDMs) with higher stability and more energy. Green and eco-friendly explosives are formulated by joining random but relevant dots in sequence. Some of these random dots are:


THE BOOK IS AVAILABLE ON THE AMAZON SITE, and THE LINK IS: 

https://www.amazon.in/dp/B098MPF7G7/ref=cm_sw_r_wa_apa_glt_MJ6V20TR0ZVV2KA7GB8V

Comments

Post a Comment

Popular posts from this blog

Economic Recovery post-covid19: a Layman’s Viewpoints

By -
Image
Economic Recovery post-covid19: a Layman’s Viewpoints : Dr. Manoj Kumar Patel : Economy and Economics: An economy encompasses all activity related to production, consumption, and trade of goods and services in an area. An economy applies to everyone from individuals to entities such as corporations and governments. A region's economy is connected with things like how many goods and services are produced and how much money people can spend on these things. The economy is measured by the Gross Domestic Product or GDP. When the GDP growth rate turns negative, the economy enters a recession. The most important part of the economy is consumer spending. So, as a rule of thumb, more the transactions and spending by the consumers better is the economy of that country. Thus money should be available in the hands of the consumers. The other three components are business expenditures, government spending, and net exports. Economics is a social science that deals wi
Read more

Some Thoughts on The National Teacher's Day, 5th September

By -
Image
Every year, India celebrates September 5, the birth anniversary of Dr. Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan, as National Teachers’ Day.   According to media reports, it is believed that while Dr Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan was serving as the second President of India in 1962, his students approached him to seek permission to celebrate his birthday – September 5 – as a special day. To this, he instead made a request to observe September 5 as Teachers’ Day, to recognize the contribution of teachers to society. This is the genesis of the Teacher’s Day in India. Hindu Sanatana culture is filled with teachings that help enlighten students and teachers alike to follow paths that can help a civilized society. THE RESPONSIBILITIES OF A STUDENT: In Shrimad Bhagavat Gita, Shree Krishna, in one of the verses (4:33) tells Arjun that it is good to do physical acts, ritualistic ceremonies, fasts, mantra chants, holy pilgrimages, but if they are not performed with knowledge, they remain mere physical activities. Su
Read more

The Golden Hearts and the Rusted Gold

By -
Image
The Golden Hearts and the Rusted Gold Gold  is one of the least reactive elements.  Gold does not combine easily with oxygen so it remains shining. It neither does   rust  nor gets tarnished. Impurities, however, it can spoil the quality of gold. Humans are just like pure gold. We all have born with a pure heart. But as we grow chronologically, layers of impurities get settled over our pure hearts, and gradually these get spoiled. We do not take diligent care, the way we take care of our jewelry, to keep our hearts shining. We ignore the layers of dirt over it. A stage comes when the pure heart does not become visible and it is the dirt only that reflects from our personality. How can dirt reflect rays of shines? We should take care of our Golden Heart so that the Heart remains resplendent.
Read more